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The Fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People’s Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (also known as the Việt Cộng) on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period to the formal reunification of Vietnam under the Socialist Republic. North Vietnamese forces, under the command of General Văn Tiến Dũng, began their final attack on Saigon, with South Vietnamese forces commanded by General Nguyễn Văn Toàn, on April 29, suffering heavy artillery bombardment. This bombardment at the Tân Sơn Nhứt Airport killed the last two American servicemen to die in Vietnam, Charles McMahon and Darwin Judge.〔McMahon and Judge〕 By the afternoon of the next day, North Vietnamese troops had occupied the important points of the city and raised their flag over the South Vietnamese presidential palace. The South Vietnamese government capitulated shortly afterward. The city was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City, after the Democratic Republic's late President Hồ Chí Minh. The capture of the city was preceded by the evacuation of almost all the American civilian and military personnel in Saigon, along with tens of thousands of South Vietnamese civilians associated with the southern regime.〔A few Americans chose not to be evacuated. Documented accounts include the following: * (originally published in the May 1975 issue of Leatherneck magazine) * (The article describes the experiences of three American women who stayed on, and mentions 12 Americans who stayed) *(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vietnam 2015 - 40 years on ) (Article by an American journalist who chose not to be evacuated) * (Article asserting that about 70 Americans stayed behind and containing details of some individual cases) *(【引用サイトリンク】title=THE LAST DAYS IN VIETNAM ) (mentions NBC correspondents Jim Laurie and Neil Davis, who stayed after the evacuation)〕 The evacuation culminated in Operation Frequent Wind, the largest helicopter evacuation in history.〔Dunham and Quinlan, 202.〕 In addition to the flight of refugees, the end of the war and institution of new rules by the communists contributed to a decline in the city’s population.〔Desbarats, Jacqueline. "Repression in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Executions and Population Relocation", from ''The Vietnam Debate'' (1990) by John Morton Moore.〕 ==Etymology== Various names have been applied to these events. The Vietnamese government usually calls it "Reunification Day" (Vietnamese: ''Ngày Thống nhất''), but "Fall of Saigon" is commonly used in Western accounts. It is called the "Ngày mất nước" ''(Day we Lost the Country)'', "Tháng Tư Đen" ''(Black April)'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://vnafmamn.com/black_april.html )〕 "Ngày Quốc Nhục" ''(National Day of Shame)'', or "Ngày Quốc Hận" ''(National Day of Resentment)''〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Audio Slideshow: Black April )〕 by Overseas Vietnamese. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fall of Saigon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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